Environmental taxes in ensuring national security: A structural optimization model

Payroll Taxes Under Social Security Programs: Cross-National Survey

Moat social security program8 are financed pr& mart@ by payroll tao deductions. A survey that focused on the payroE tax charaaterMic8 of all eocial eecurity program8 in five industrkat comtrles and on old-age, tnvali&ty, and survivors Qeuvance in 8even industrial countries found that combined emplo2/ee-employer contribution8 range from about 10 percent of covered earnings to a high of more than...

Fiscal Policy: Taxes, Distribution of National Income, and Social Security

solution of security constrained unit commitment problem by a new multi-objective optimization method

چکیده-پخش بار بهینه به عنوان یکی از ابزار زیر بنایی برای تحلیل سیستم های قدرت پیچیده ،برای مدت طولانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.پخش بار بهینه توابع هدف یک سیستم قدرت از جمله تابع هزینه سوخت ،آلودگی ،تلفات را بهینه می کند،و هم زمان قیود سیستم قدرت را نیز برآورده می کند.در کلی ترین حالتopf یک مساله بهینه سازی غیر خطی ،غیر محدب،مقیاس بزرگ،و ایستا می باشد که می تواند شامل متغیرهای کنترلی پیوسته و گ...

National Resilience As A Determinant Of National Security Of Ukraine

The purpose of this study is theoretical and methodological substantiation, deepening of conceptual provisions and development of scientific and practical recommendations for the formation of an integrated sector of national security and defense based on the principles of national resilience. The relevance of this study is due to the need to build national resilience to address the main problem...

A comparison of social security taxes and Federal income taxes.

In recent years, with the implementation of the tax rate increases and ad hoc earnings base increases included in the 1977 Amendments to the Social Security Act, many observers have noted that social security taxes (for the old-age and survivors insurance (OASI), disability insurance (DI), and hospital insurance (HI) programs combined) now exceed Federal income taxes for many families. The ques...